3RD TERM

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TOPIC: BASIC CONCEPT OF GIS
CONTENT:1. Geographical Information System
2. Geographic data
3. Importance of geo-referencing, geographic data and the GIS
Sub-Topic 1: GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM
Meaning of GIS
Geographical information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyse, manage and present all types of geographical referenced data. In other words, it is a computer system that record, stores and analyse information about the feature that make up the earth surface.
EVALUATION
1. Explain geographical information system
Sub-Topic 2: GEOGRAPHIC DATA
Data refer to information or facts collected for analysis. Geographic data is a collection of information that can describe objects and things with relation to space. Geographical data are collected directly during field work, existing map or digital image. Without this data there would be no information that would need to be visualized and analysed.
GIS represent real object such as roads, house, elevation, trees, water way etc. These features often represented as vectors, by considering those features geometrical shapes. For example, line is used to represent features like rivers, road, rail etc ; points to represent features like building, settlement, town, farms etc while polygons are used for geographical features that cover a particular area of earth.
SOURCES OF GEOGRAPHICAL DATA
Geographical data are derived in various ways.
1. Data can be collected on the field during field work.
2. Use of existing map.
3. The use of satellite image
4. Data can also be bought from a commercial data provider.
Geo-referencing
This is the process of assigning geographical information to an image. This information includes location, size and distance of such image in the world. In other words, it is aligning geographical data to a known coordinate system so that it can be viewed queried and analysed with other geographic data. This may involve shifting, rotating, scaling, etc.

Georeferenced Imagery


EVALUATION
1. What is geographical data
2. Give two ways of representing geographical data
3. State four sources of geographical data
4. Describe geo-referencing
5. Differentiate between GIS and geo-referencing

Sub-Topic 3: IMPORTANCE OF GEO-REFERENCING, GEOGRAPHIC DATA AND GIS
Importance of Geo-Referencing
1. It helps in converting existing addresses into GIS data base
2. It is useful in emergency response
3. It helps in crime analysis
4. It helps you to compare maps directly with other geo-referenced map
5. It gives new ways of understanding of early map.
Importance of GIS and Geographic Data
1. It is used for earth surface based scientific investigation
2. For environmental impact assessment
3. For infrastructure assessment and development
4. It can be used in military planning
5. It can be used by accompany to site anew business location
6. It can be used for population and demographic for urban and regional planning
EVALUATION:
1. Mention four importance of geo-reverencing
2. State five uses of GIS and geographic data
GENERAL EVALUATION
1. Explain the concept GIS
2. Mention five uses of GIS
3. Differentiate between GIS and geo-referencing
4. Give examples of point data
WEEK END ASSIGNMENT
Objective test. (Choose the correct answer from letter a – d)
1. GIS means _______ (a) geographical interval survey (b) geographical information system (c) general intelligent security (d) geographical impact screening.
2. In GIS __________ is mainly used in collecting and analysing data. (a) computer (b) map(c) questionnaire (d) biro and paper.
3. Which of these is not a source of geographical data (a) map (b) field work (c) election (d) satellite image
4. Which of these features is represented with line data (a) building (b) farms (c) settlement (d) river
5. Geo-referencing simply means ___________
(a) Assigning geographical information to an image
(b) Gathering of data from the field
(c) Putting references in your work
(d) Creating room for references
Essay Questions:
1. In your own words describe GIS
READING ASSIGNMENT
Read more on GIS on the internet.
PRE-READING ASSIGNMENT
Read the components of GIS
REFERENCE TEXTS
A comprehensive text on physical, human and regional geography for SSS and colleges by N. O. Adegoke

WEEK 11
DATE:...............................
SUBJECT: GEOGRAPHY
CLASS:SS1
TOPIC: COMPONENT OF GIS
CONTENT:
1. Component of GIS
2. Data
SUB-TOPIC 1: COMPONENTS OF GIS
There are five key components of GIS. They are hardware, software, data, procedure and people

Components of GIS

HARDWARE COMPONENT OF GIS
Hardware is the computer on which a GIS operates. It is a device that interacts directly with in carrying out GIS operation. GIS hardware are digitizer, global positioning system (GPS), computer, printer, scanner, plotter etc .
SOFTWARE COMPONENT OF GIS
Software is the programme application designed by a programmer to perform a specific function. It provides the functions and tools needed to store, manage, analyse and display geographic information. These software are data input, database management system (DBMS), storage, retrieval, data input manipulation and a graphical user interface (GUI) for easy access to tools.
DATA
Data refers to the fact or information collected to be processed. It is the most important aspect of GIS. It contains explicit geographic reference such latitude and longitude, co-ordinate or implicit reference such as an address, postal code, census tract name, forest, road name etc
To create and maintain a data base, database management system (DBMS) should be employed.
There are two types of data as a component of GIS,
1. Positional data: this is a data identifies the precise of an object
2. Relational data


PROCEDURE OR METHOD
This has to do with the step taken to answer the question needed to be solved in analysing geographical data. The procedures include the following.
i. Retrieving of data
ii. Input the data into the system
iii. Storing the data
iv. Managing the data
v. Transforming of the data
vi. Analysing the data
vii. Presentation of the result
PEOPLE (Experts)
This is the component that makes the GIS work. They are responsible for the maintenance of geographic database and provide technical support. These people include GIS manager, database administrators, application specialist, system analyst and programmer.
GENERAL EVALUATION
1. List five components of GIS
2. Explain four of the above component
3. Outline the procedure in geographic data

WEEK END ASSIGNMENT
Objective Test
1. Which of these is a component of a GIS (a) data (b) car (c) map (d) refrigerator
2. A hardware component is the ______ (a) the computer (b) programme (c) people (d) data
3. The following are examples of software EXCEPT (a) data input (b) storage (c) printer (d) manipulation
4. D B M S means __________
(a) Data building and maintenance system
(b) Data base management system
(c) Database manipulation system
(d) Database maintenance system
5. Which of the following is the first step in data analysis?
(a) Transformation of data
(b) Managing the data
(c) Inputting the data
(d) Data retrieving
Essay Questions:
1. Draw any hardware component of GIS and label it
READING ASSIGNMENT
Read more on GIS in your textbook.
REFERENCE TEXT
1. A comprehensive text on physical, human and regional geography for SSS and colleges by M .O. Adegoke

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