2ND TERM

[admin]

Topic:- revision
Reference books:-
1. Essential Book-keeping for SSS by O.A. Longe
2. Book-keeping Accounts for senior sec. school in West Africa by L.
Akinpelu
3. Simplified book-keeping accounts for senior sec. school by F.L. Olatunji



Sub-topic:- Use of Computer in Accounting
Behavioral objective:- at the end of the lesson, students should be able state the usefulness of Computer in accounting.

Content Element:-
Advantages of computer in accounting system;
- They are faster/automatic preparation of books of original entry
- They are accurate
- They improve the decision making process.
- They can be used to produce exception reports
- They reduce the monotony of producing length and uninteresting report where large amount of figures
- increases job satisfaction and effectives use of operation time.
- It reduces labour and labour cost.

Output of Accounting information system:
- Profit and loss reports/accounts
- Balance sheet
- Cashflow statement
- Management information reports
- The payrolls
- Stock records

What is a data?
Data is an unprocessed material which is collected from the various sources
of recording e.g. name, date, unit price.

Information is a processed data i.e. data has been classified, summarized an
evaluated e.g. subtotal, grand total etc.

Reasons for processing data manually:
- High cost of conversion from manual to electronic data processing.
- Lack of trained personal skills to operate the electronic system.
- Low volume of data to be processed.
- The absence of an appropriate software
- The absence of stable supply of electricity to operate an electronic system.

Resistance to change;
- The absence of the appropriate equipment.
- Fear of manual data processing.

Features of manual data processing;
1. The processing of data is by human effort
2. It does not involve huge capital
3. Processed data are stored in files and folders
4. It is appropriate or used by small business as where volume of business activity is minimal.
5. The system is slow

Features of Electronic data processing;
1. Most suitable for processing large volume of data.
2. Involves huge capital outlay
3. Produces accurate data
4. Provides facility for storage of data processed
5. The system produces data quickly and efficiently.

Electronic storage devices:
- Diskettes
- Compact disc
- Flash ram/ pen drive
- Hard disk
- magnetic tape.

Qualities of good information
(i) Accuracy (ii) Timeless (iii) Relevance (iv) Completeness
(v) Up to date (vi) Cost effectiveness.

Computer:
It is defined as a programmable electronic device that accepts data through the input unit process the data according to the information supplied to it by the user and then transfer the result to a unit where it can be stored or printed out.
Types of Computer
(i) Analog (ii) Digital

Analog:-
These are computers which measures in a continuous or physical variables. They are used for scientific and engineering purpose.
Their uses are normally restricted to control of temperature, pressure etc.

Digital:-
These computer functions by touching and counting discrete numbers and performing mathematical calculations on them. It issued for commercial purposes.

Classification of Computer
1) Mainframe (2) mini computer (3) micro
Characteristics of a computer
(1) Speed (2) Storage (3) Accuracy
(4) Versatility (5) Automatic (6) Diligence

Elements of computer:
i. Input devices
ii. Storage devices
iii. Central processing unit (CPU)

Classification of computer:
1. Main frame computer:- This is the largest, most powerful and most expensive computer. They are powerful in terms of both storage capacity and speed. The capacity may be up to 1,00,000 million characteristics.
The speed is also high and is up to 10m instruction per second. It can run a number of programs at the same time. It is used in a large scale firm.

2. Mini computers:- These computers fall into the middle range of computer types. They are more robust but less powerful than main frames. They are multi-user system. The mini computers have more internal memory than micro computers. They are used for smaller scale general purpose work.

3. micro-computers:- These are recently developed computers. They are all based on micro processor chips which have only existed since 1971. They have low cost and very convenience. It is the most common type of computer in terms of numbers. The micro computer is good for playing computer games.
Chip is a small piece of silicon or other material containing an integrated circuit.

[admin]

REVISION