Pen-Write E-Library

SCHEME OF WORK
WEEK TOPICS
1. Revision of JS 2 third term

2. Internet III
(a) Meaning of search engine
(b) Examples of search engines (i) google.com (ii) man.com (iii) ask.com (iv) yahoo.com etc.
(c) Uses of Search Engines

3. Internet III
Practical uses of search engine

4. Digital Divide
(a) Concept of digital divide

5. Digital Divide
(b) Features of old economy i.e. (i) Time consuming (ii) Labour based
(iii) Mechanical (iv) Constrained by space, time and distance
(c) Features of new economy i.e. (i) Digital gadgets (ii) Time, space and distance is irrelevant (iii) New economy is technology driven (iv) knowledge based (v) Technology innovation is the key corner stone to limitation of the old economy

6. Digital Divide Cont.
(d) Limitation of the old economy
(e) Benefits of new economy. (i) Low capital to start business (ii) Low unemployment (iii) immunity to boom macroeconomic cycle (iv) Creating of new jobs

7. Practical on the uses of search engine.

8. Database
(a) Definition
(b) Database Terminologies (i) Fields (b) Records (iii) File (iv) Database (v) Key etc

9. Database cont.
(c) Forms of Database: (i) Flat file (ii) Hierarchical (iii) Relational, etc.

10. Database Practical (MS ACCESS);
Starting and opening and existing database

11. Revision

LESSON 1
TOPIC: The internet III
CONTENT: (a) Meaning of search engine
(b) Examples of search engines (i) google.com (ii)
mamma.com
(iii) ask.com (iv) yahoo.com etc.
(c) Uses of Search Engines

Meaning of Search Engine

What is a search engine?
A Search Engine is a site on the WWW, with the help of which you can search for other website. It is more powerful than a web directory. It will search for the web on the basis of the keyword (s) that you give. A search engine is more effective than a web directory because it matches your information (keywords) to the web pages listed in its index and then displays only on those sites that are relevant and match your criteria. It is a website that allows you to search the internet for a specific topic.
Search engine is a tool for locating information on the internet by topic. A web search engine is an interactive tool to help people locate information available via the World Wide Web. Examples of search engines are Yahoo.com, Mamma.com Ask.com, Google.com , Netscape navigator, Askjeeves, Lycos, Mozilla firefox ,Internet explorer Safari.com etc.



Uses of Search Engines
Search Engines can be used to:
• Easily find and download information on any topic
• Get definition of words, acronyms etc.
• Carry out research.
• Used to find images, pictures and sound
• Search for information about people, places and product
How to use a Search Engine: Type the URL(Uniform Resource Locator) of the search engine e.g www.mamma.com) in the address bar of the browser and press the Enter Key on your keyboard.
Also you can use the search engine by entering a query (or question) in the search bar of the search engine and press the Enter Key on the keyboard.


EVALUATION:
1. What is a Search Engine? Explain five use of the search engine.
2. How is a Search Engine different from a web directory?
3. Differentiate between a search engine and a WWW.

ASSIGNMENT:
Students are to use the internet or page 16 of their textbook (Handbook on Computer Studies book 3) to explain any 5 search engines they know.

Practical uses of search engine to find information on any topic.
https://youtu.be/LVV_93mBfSU

LESSON 2
TOPIC: Digital Divide (Concept of digital divide)
CONTENT:

Concept of the digital divide
The Digital divide is probably one of the first concepts considered when reflecting on the theme of the social impact caused by Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). From thereon, one perceives that these technologies are going to produce differences in the development opportunities of people, and that a distance will be established between those with access to these technologies and those without.

Digital divide refers to the gap between those people with effective access to digital and information technology and those without. It includes the imbalance in the physical access to technology as well as imbalance in resources and skills needed to participate effectively as a digital citizen.

The term ‘digital divide’ describes the fact that the world can be divided into people who do and people who don’t have access to, and the capability to use modern Information and Communication Technology, such as the telephone, television, or the internet.

The digital divide is often seen to exist along the following lines:
Between the rich and poor countries;
Between those in cities and those in rural areas;
Between males and females
Between the rich and the poor individuals;
Between physically challenged and those without any disability
Between literates and illiterates, etc.

It has been suggested that one of the relevant ways of measuring the gap in access to ICTs is to look at the differences between developed and developing countries in the level of penetration of different ICT services (telephone, mobile phone, internet)and of personal computers. Over the course of the past decade, the gap has narrowed markedly, with particularly rapid progress in the field of mobile phones and internet use.


https://youtu.be/ZI3uOzEk3JE

EVALUATION:
1. Explain the term ‘digital divide’
2. Identify 5 areas that show the existence of digital divide.

ASSIGNMENT: Students are to carry out a research on how to tackle the concept of digital divide in Nigeria.

LESSON 3
TOPIC: Digital divide (Features of the old and new economy)

CONTENT: (a) Features of the old economy (b) Features of the new economy
(c ) Comparison between the old and new economy

Features of the Old Economy
The old economy is the economy system mainly based on subsistence farming, a large scale economy based on commodity money. In the ancient times, for most people, the exchange of goods occurred through social relationship. Example trade by barter in the old economy.
The following are the features of the old economy;
• Poor economic earnings
• Mechanical ways of production
• Poor technology which resulted in time wastage
• Intense labour based production
• Time constraint
• Scarcity of labour and low manpower development.



Features of the new economy
The new economy was an evolution of developed countries from an industrialized /manufacturing based wealth creation economy to the service sector based economy.
The following are the features of the new economy;
• Knowledge-driven: Intellectual capital as a strategic factor; a set of understanding used by the people to make decisions or take actions that are important to the economy.

• Change-driven: continuous, rapid and complex; generates uncertainty and reduces predictability.

• Technology-driven: The use of technology in different spheres of life. This has led to globalization in Research and Development, production, trade, finance, communication and information, which has resulted in the opening of economies, global hyper-competition and interdependency of business.

• Time, space and distance is irrelevant to activities due to the advert of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)

• Digitalisation of Technologies.



Comparison between the Old and New economy



EVALUATION:
1. State five features of the new economy
2. Differentiate between the old and new economy
3. Explain any 2 of the following;
• Knowledge-driven
• Technology-driven
• Change-driven

ASSIGNMENT: Students are to Research on the ‘benefits of the new economy’

LESSON 4
TOPIC: Digital Divide Cont.

CONTENT:
(d) Limitations of the old economy

(e) Benefits of the new economy:

Limitations of the Old Economy
1. Time Constraint and Time Consuming: Nobody would carry out business when market was closed. Also, long hours were used in carrying out activities, because these were done manually.

2. Limited Space: The old economy depended on physical space such as market places and offices before business transaction could take place. Commodities, services and ideas cold not travel far. It covers small area.

3. Distance: The old economy depended on physical contract, as a result, business transaction would not take place if there was a distance barrier.

4. Labour-based: There was minimal use of technology in the old economy, human efforts were invested, it was hard to operate. Jobs that will require the pressing of some few buttons by an operator on a computer always take lots of people to be done in the old economy.

5. Tedious and Boring: The old economy is not interesting to use, in most cases it is only one-way, unlike the new economy that you can use various methods and various electronic gadgets to achieve your aim.

6. Papers and Files: The old economy needs keeping a large volume of data on the shelf unlike the new economy which has created a paperless environment in which information can be stored or retrieved through digital media instead of paper.


Evaluation:
Mention and explain five limitations of the Old Economy.





LESSON 5
BENEFITS OF THE NEW ECONOMY
(1) Globalization: New Economy has turned the whole world into a global village. Space and distance is no barrier.

(2) Job Creation: It creates a lot of job opportunities for those who have the required education and training and for those with less education and training. The phone call centre operators, Cyber cafes, industries, computer firms, telecommunication companies etc provided employment opportunities to thousands of people.

(3) Low capital to start business: It requires very little capital to start, e.g. starting a phone call centre.
(4) It widens knowledge: It broadens the knowledge of its operators through education, training and experience. It gives room for effective sharing of information making the society knowledge-based.

(5) Digital Economy: New economy has changed the economy of many countries of the world into a digital one. Today we now have digital camera, digital tape, digital video, digital watch etc.

(6) High Output: There is high output in the new economy unlike the old economy where the output is low.

(7) Electronic Commerce: Through the new economy, buying and selling is now carried out electronically.

(8) Technology Driven: The new economy is controlled by the kind of technology employed.

(9) Easy Transfer of Data: Business Transactions are made easy because of availability of information and transfer of data.


Evaluation:
1. Mention and explain five benefits of the New Economy.
Reading Assignment: A handbook on Computer Studies (practical guide) for Schools and Colleges by ‘Niyi Adekolegan, book 3. Pages 24 - 26

Assignment:
1. In a tabular form, state two (2) differences between the features of the old and new economy.
2. ______________ refers to the gap between people with effective access to digital and information technology and those with little or no information at all.
a. Old economy b. New economy
c. Digital Divide d. Developing economy
3. Features of old economy include all the following except
a. It is time consuming b. It is labour based
c. it is mechanical d. technology driven
4. All the following are features of new economy except
a. It is Digital b. Time, space and distance is irrelevant
c. It is technology driven d. it is labour based

LESSON 6
PRACTICAL WORK ON THE USE OF SEARCH ENGINE


https://youtu.be/LVV_93mBfSU

LESSON 7
TOPIC: DATABASE
CONTENT
- Definition of Database
- Database Terminologies

Definition of Database
A database is a collection of related data about a particular subject that is organized so that it can easily be stored, accessed, managed, and updated to meet a particular goal.
It is always set up for a special purpose like students’ records, inventory, address book etc. This database has a particular software that could be used to perform the above functions e.g. Paradox, MS Access, Dbase etc.

A database is composed of several tables.
You need to create separate tables to store different types of data. For example, if you have a School Management Software, you may need to create the following tables:
• Students - to store list of all students
• Educators - to create list of all educators.
• Address - to store the addresses of students and educators.
• Grades - to store the mark scores of all students.

A Table is a single store of related information. A table consists of records, and each record is made up of a number of fields.
You can think of the phone book as a table: It contains a record for each telephone subscriber, and each subscriber’s details are contained in three fields – name, address and telephone.

A database package is a piece of software that enables you to organise and store related data together, so that specific pieces of information can be retrieved easily and quickly.
Access is a database program, created by Microsoft Office 2007


Evaluation:
Define the following:
1. Database. 2. A Table 3. Database package.

Assignment:
Refer to the tables in the next lesson, read and digest the details.




LESSON 8
Database Terminologies
1. Entity: A person, object, event or transaction (e.g. student, employee, patient).

2. Entity Group: A class of persons, objects, events or transactions sharing very similar characteristics (e.g. students, employees, women, patients, engineers etc).

3. Field: This refers to a column of data in a table, each column or field in a table contains similar types of data for all the members of the entity group whose data are stored in the table. Field is also called attributes.

4. Record: This refers to a row of data in a table, each row or record in a table contains the data for a specific member or the entity group (entity) whose data are stored in the table. Record is also called tuple.

5. A File: A file is a group of related records.
Example:



TABLE 1: Student’s Record 1
In the above table 1, student’s record 1, has four fields namely: admission numbers, names, classes and ages. Each of these fields is made up of characters: Numeric, alphabetic and alphanumeric.
Admission number field contains alphanumeric (i.e. combination of alphabetic and numeric) characters namely PWC0045, PWC0046, PWC0041;

Names field has alphabetic character i.e. Olubukola Yetunde, Danladi Bako and Ugochukwu Uchenna;
Classes field has alphanumeric characters, which are: J.S. 3, J.S. 2 and S.S. 1;

Classes field has alphanumeric characters, which are: J.S. 3, J.S. 2 and S.S. 1;

Ages, which is also a field, contains numeric characters: 11, 12 and 14.

Since record is a combination of fields, then the four fields above make up a record, and the three records make up a file.

In the above table, there are Four (4) Fields, Three(3) records and One(1) File.

There are two major types of file: Transaction file and Master file.

6. Primary key: This is selected field in a table that uniquely identifies records.

7. A Form: This is a method used in entering, viewing, and printing information other that simply through rows and columns.

8. Report: This is a generated information from a table or query.

9. Query: This is a Microsoft Access object that enables users to view from one or more tables in a specified order. A query stores questions being asked from one or more tables in database. There are three main types – Select, Action and Cross tab.

10. Index: This is an alphabetical reference list of topics, names, locations etc. Of any record in table. Index database program is similar to the index of a textbook which is used for easy location or words.


Evaluation:
Using any table sample, explain Record, Field and File.
Reading Assignment: Read the forms of database: Flat file, Hierarchical, Relational and Network database.

Assignment:
1. An organised collection of related records is a________
2. ____________ is a selected field in table that uniquely identifies a record.
3. A database has to be named before any work is started on it. True or false?
4. The use of a file cabinet to store information is called____________
a. the manual method b. The computerised method
c. the ancient method d. none of the above.
5. ________ is a means of storing and answering questions about information in a database
6. The following are example of database program except_________
a. Dbase3+ b. Microsoft Word
c. Dbase 4 d. Microsoft Access

LESSON 9
TOPIC: DATABASE
CONTENT: - Forms of Database

Forms of Database
1. Flat File Database is a database designed around a single table, it puts all database information in one table or list with fields to represent all parameters.
The classic example of a flat file database is a basic name-and-address list, where the database consists of a small, fixed number of fields: Name, Address, and phone Number.
Another example is a simple HTML table, consisting of rows and columns. This type of database is routinely encountered, although often not expressly recognized as a database.

2. Relational Database is a database that groups data using common attributes found in data set. It can also be described as a collection of relations that are frequently considered to be part of the database, as they help to organise and structure the data, in addition to forcing the database to conform to a set of requirements.
For example, a set containing all students coming resuming from Lagos in the school can be group be their classes, sex, surname etc. Such a group uses the relational model. THE software used to do the grouping is called a relational database management system.

The Structured Query Language forms the core of all relational databases. It provides a uniform interface to Oracle, SQL Server, Access and other relational databases.
Relational database is the most popular and it is preferred above flat file because flat file is not sufficient to handle the data processing needs. There are three primary relational database systems:
1. Proprietary 2. Open Source 3. Embedded

3. Hierarchical Database links records together like a family tree, data are arranged or structured in form of tree. The structure allows representing information using parent/child relationships: each parent can have many children, but each child has only one parent. All attributes of a specific record are listed under an entity type.




Evaluation: Explain Flat file, Relational and Hierarchical databases.

LESSON 10
TOPIC: DATABASE PRACTICAL (MS ACCESS)

CONTENT:
Starting and opening and existing database

PRACTICAL
Starting MS Access
Unlike a word processing or spreadsheet document, which you can name after you have started or completed it, a database has to be named before any work is started on it.
1. Click on the Start button.
2. Select All Programs.
3. Select Microsoft Office and then Microsoft Office Access.
4. Check for New Blank Database and then click on ‘Blank database’.
5. Type a name for your database into the ‘File Name’, box.
6. Click Create and you are in Access environment


When working in Access, you make use of tables. Tables are the most important object in the database.
To create a table you can use any of the following methods:
1. Datasheet view
2. Design view
3. Table wizard
Creating a table in Datasheet view
1. Open the database.
2. Click Create Menu.
3. Click Table Design Tab


4. Enter Field Names and Data Type e.g. Surname, Middle name, Last Name etc


5. Save table,


6. (A prompt for primary key pops out, click No for now)


7. Click View




8. Select Datasheet view.


https://youtu.be/BUE-XJEHp7g