Pen-Write E-Library

SCHEME OF WORK
WEEKS TOPICS
1. Revision of last term’s work
a. Genres of literature
b. Literary terms
2. Introduction to African Drama either: Women of Owu- Femi Osofisan or Blinkard- Kobina Sekyi.
a. Plot summary of either play listed above
b. Setting of the play listed above.
3. Reading and summary of act one and two of either play listed above
4. Reading and summary of act three and four of either play listed above.
5. Reading and summary of act five and distinguishing minor and major characters in the play.
6. Characters and characterization in either play.
Notes: Roles played by each character in either play must be emphasized.
7. Themes of either play listed above.
8. Styles-Dramatic techniques of either play listed above.
9. Styles- Language of either play listed above.
10. Revision of the term’s work.

Topic: Revision of 1st term's work- (Genres, Literary terms (blank verse, verisimilitude etc)
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
(1)Mention genres of Literature
(2)Explain genres of Literature
(3)Explain blank verse, verisimilitude, Oedipus complex, demagogue, lineation

There are three genres of Literature:
prose, poetry and drama.

Blank verse is a verse that has no rhyme, but each line must have five feet, that is, five stressed syllables and five unstressed syllables. It is usually used for long poems, especially narrative poems. Verisimilitude-It has the appearance of truth or close to reality or truth.

Oedipus complex: It is a strong feeling or ego where a person attaches himself strongly to one person but develops hatred, fear and hostility for the other or towards another person, who also exhibits similarities with him.

Demagogue: This is a political or charismatic leader who through his oratory or works stirs up the people-Anthony in Julius Caesar, Adolf Hitler of Germany.

Foot: A division of a line of poem.
Lineation: It is the arrangement of a poem in lines.

Evaluation:
(1) What are genres of Literature?
(2) Explain each of the following: prose, poetry and drama.
(3) Explain the following terms:
Demagogue, Oedipus complex, foot

Assignment:
Explain the following terms:
Tone, theme, subject matter, rhythm


Topic: Types of Poetry
Behavioral objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Mention types of poems.
2. Explain types of poems.
Content:
Types of poems are: epic, ode, dirge, limerick, sonnet, ballad, elegy and pastoral.
a. Epic: It is a long poem dealing with heroic deeds and exciting adventures. The deeds of one or more great heroes or a nation’s past history are dwelt upon.
b. Ode: It is usually a long poem expressing noble feeling, written to a person or a thing, or celebrating some special events.
c. Dirge: It is a song at a burial or for a dead person. It is a lamentation, service or hymn for the repose of souls of the dead. Another name for it is ‘Requiem.’
d. Limerick: It is a humorous poem with five lines, the first two rhyming with the last.
e. Sonnet: It is a poem that expresses a singular thought, idea or sentiment of fourteen lines. There are three different types of sonnet-English sonnet, Petrarchan sonnet and Miltonic sonnet.
f. Ballad: It is a simple song or poem, especially on that tells a story.
g. Elegy: It is a poem or song expressing sorrow for the dead. It is a lamentation.
h. Pastoral: It deals with the life of shepherds, either in a conventional or artificial manner, or with simple rural life generally.
Evaluation:
The following questions are asked:
1. Mention five types of poems.
2. Explain types of poems mentioned above.
Assignment
Present a sonnet and brings out its rhyming scheme.



Topic:Oral Literature-Forms and origin
Objectives:At the end of the lesson,the students should be able to:
(1) Define oral Literature
(2) Mention forms of oral Literature
(3) Narrate the origin of oral Literature

Content:
Oral Literature is the transmission of the customs, beliefs and expectations from one generation to another. Before the spread of literacy in the 20th century, texts were preserved in memory and performed or recited. Africa's oral Literature takes the form of prose, verse and proverb.

Forms of African Literature
Myth-Every society holds a certain belief in the creation of the universe. They believe in the activities of the gods at the beginning of creation.

Legend-It describes heroic feats of man

Folktale-It is told for nighttime entertainment. It features both human beings and animals.

Evaluation:
(1) What is oral literature?
(2) Mention forms of literature.
(3) Narrate the genesis of African literature.

Assignment
Write a page on a myth in your hometown.

Further Study
http://www.skooolnigeria.com/ec_myths_and_legends.aspx

Topic: Figures of speech-personification,antithesis,paradox,euphemism,paradox,epigram

Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
(1) Define the figures of speech above
(2) Give one example of each of the figures of speech

Content:
Personification- is the transfer of the quality of animals and inanimate objects to human beings. They are given human attributes e.g. The moon peeped and saw the dog in her kennel.

Antithesis- is the use of contrasted words or statements in the same sentence e.g. Speech is silver, silence is golden.

Paradox-is the revealing of the truth under shrouded contradiction e.g. The ripest fruit is the saddest.

Epigram-it is used to express an idea in a memorable way e.g. Every poet is a fool; agreed, but not every fool is poet.

Euphemism-is the presentation of an unpleasant situation in a pleasant manner e.g. She used to be a lady of easy virtue.

Evaluation:
(1) What is a figure of speech?
(2) Give one example of each of the following: euphemism, epigram, and antithesis

Homework:
Give two more examples of each of the figures of speech.



Topic: Figures of speech-
metaphor, parallelism, onomatopoeia, pun, hyperbole, climax

Behavioural Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
(1) Define each of the figures of speech above.
(2) Give one example of each of the figures of speech above.

Content:
Metaphor-It draws a comparison between two ideas but substitutes the second idea for the first.

Parallelism-It is a form of repetition used to reveal what has been said in a different form still meaning the same thing e.g. How dull it is to pause, to make an end. End and pause mean the same thing.

Onomatopoeia - It is a device in which the sound suggests the meaning of words or expressions because the words are formed by imitating the actual sounds associated with the thing concerned e.g. The booming of a gun. The mewing of a cat

Pun-It is the use of word in a way that it has different meanings in the context in which it is used. It is an act of playing on words e.g. Your money is save in a safe. It is better to be late than to be the late.

Hyperbole-It is a device using the most exaggerated ways to express words.

Climax-It is the arrangement of terms or expressions in ascending order of importance. e.g. I came, I saw, and I conquered.

Evaluation:
(1) Define each of the figures of speech above
(2) Give one example of each of the figures of speech above

Homework:
Write a short story of not more than two paragraphs that shows the following: metaphor,pun and hyperbole.


Topic: Oral Literature-Forms and origin
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
(1) Define oral Literature
(2) Mention forms of oral Literature
(3) Narrate the origin of oral Literature
Content:
Oral Literature is the transmission of the customs, beliefs and expectations from one generation to another. Before the spread of literacy in the 20th century , texts were preserved in memory and performed or recited. Africa’s oral Literature takes the form of prose, verse and proverb.
Forms of African Literature
Myth-Every society holds a certain belief in the creation of the universe. They believe in the activities of the gods at the beginning of creation.
Legend-It describes heroic feats of man
Folktale-It’s told for nighttime entertainment. It features both human beings and animals.
Evaluation:
The following questions are asked:
(1) What is oral literature?
(2) Mention forms of literature.
(3) Narrate the genesis of African literature.
Assignment
Write a page on a myth in your hometown.
Main Topic: Drama
Topic: Types of Drama
Reference books: Essential Literature
Behavioral objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Define Drama
2. Mention characteristics of Drama
3. Explain types of drama
Content:
Drama means ‘do’ or ‘act’. Drama is meant for theatre, television or radio which is written in form of scripts.
Characteristics of Drama
1. It is meant to be acted.
2. Drama makes use of dialogue.
3. It is divided into acts and scenes.
4. It requires active participation of audience.
Types of Drama
1. Mime: Actions and events are conveyed through the medium of movements, facial expressions and gestures without words. It is without dialogue. A mime performer is called a mime actor.
2. Opera: It is made mainly of songs. All actions are musical.
3. Allegory: An abstract or symbol is used to portray evils or ills common in our society. It teaches moral lessons. Animal represents human being-Animal Farm
4. Epic: It represents the history of individuals and people. It is meant to glorify the past heroic deeds-Julius Caesar.
5. Didactic: It teaches moral lessons.
Evaluation:
The following questions are asked:
1. What is drama?
2. Mention two characteristics of drama.
3. Explain three types of drama.
Assignment
Explain the following terms: Ritual, Myth and Legend

Topic: Figure of speech-
sarcasm, apostrophe, innuendo, synecdoche, anti-climax or bathos

Behavioural Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
(1) Define each of the figures of speech mentioned above
(2) Give one example of each of the figures of speech mentioned above.

Content:
Sarcasm-It is a clever way of correcting or dealing with faults or weaknesses. e.g. May I offer you some soap and water? (Your hands need washing)-Brutus is an honourable man. (Brutus is not an honourable man)

Innuendo-It is an act of passing an unpleasant remark. It is a mild kind of sarcasm. The listener understands the intention of the speaker more than what is expressed e.g. He has had four illnesses this year.(He is always imagining himself to be dangerously ill)

Apostrophe- It is addressing an inanimate object which may not be seen physically as if they understand the message uttered or as if personally present. e.g. Treachery! Thou art a woman. Sweet autumn! Loviest village of pain.

Synecdoche-is the use of a part to represent a whole or a whole to represent a part e.g. All hands are on deck. She controls all the heads in the community.

Evaluation:
(1) Define each of the figures of speech discussed above.
(2) Mention one example of each of the figures of speech above.

Homework:
Write three examples of each of the figures of speech discussed above.



Topic: Figures of speech-
transferred epithet or hyperbole, alliteration, assonance, antonomasia, metonymy

Behavioural Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
(1) Define each of the figures of speech above
(2) Give one example of each of the figures of speech discussed above.

Content:
Transferred epithet-It is the transfer of an epithet from the term to which it rightly belongs to another term to which it does not necessarily belong. e.g. I have had a busy day.

Alliteration-Repetition of initial consonant sound e.g. God made man, man made money, money made man mad.(m sound)

Assonance-Repetition of vowel sounds e.g. Cheerful chirping in the early day. Watch your stopwatch.

Antonomasia-using the name of a well-known person, place or event to represent some quality which it epitomizes: He is the Soyinka of our time. Her home is now a Mecca

Metonymy-Is the representation of one thing by something closely associated with it e.g. Scepter and crown shall tumble down.

Evaluation:
(1) Define each of the figures of speech above.
(2) Give one example of each of the figures of speech.

Homework:
Give three more examples of each of the figures of speech.

Topic: Lyric Form And its Characteristics

Behavioural Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
(1) Define Lyric
(2) Mention the characteristics of Lyric
(3) Mention and explain types of Lyric

Content:
Lyric is a form of poetry that is very light-hearted.

Characteristics of Lyric
(1) The language is rich.
(2) It is sung to the accompaniment of instrument called lyre.
(3) It expresses personal feelings and thought.
(4) It is written in honor and praise of somebody.

Types of Lyrics
1.Ode-It is a class of lyrics. It is a poem of meditation addressed to animate or inanimate objects. It speaks to a person or thing or celebrate special event e.g. Keats -Ode To A Nightingale.

2. Elegy-It is a poem written with the sole aim of remembering sad situations. It expresses grief and sorrow e.g. Gray's "Elegy written in a Country Churchyard".

3. Dirge-It is a spontaneous reaction through medium of speech to a sad event. Elegy begins where Dirge ends.

EVALUATION
(1) Define the lyric.
(2) What are the types of lyrics and their characteristics?
(3) Explain "ode" , "elegy" and "dirge"

Homework:
Write an Ode to celebrate nature.



Topic: Sonnet and Types
Instructional Materials:
The poem-On His Blindness by John Milton

Behavioural Objectives:At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
(1) Define Sonnet
(2) Mention types of Sonnet
(3) Explain types and forms of Sonnet

Content:
The sonnet is a fourteen-line poem. It is usually divided into two stanzas-Octave and Sestet. Octave has eight lines while Sestet has six lines. It has a fixed pattern of rhyme.

Types of Sonnet
There are four types of sonnet-Italian sonnet, English or Shakespearian sonnet, Miltonic sonnet, Petrachan sonnet.
(1) Italian sonnet-It is divided into two main points, octave and sestet
Octave(ABBAABBA),Sestet(CDECDE)

(2) English sonnet-It was popularized by Shakespeare. It is divided into three parts of three quatrains and a couplet. It is also known as Shakespearean sonnet rhyming ABAB,CDCD,EFEF,GG-GG the last two lines known as heroic couplet

(3) Miltonic sonnet-Milton's sonnet is different from the two above. It may be divided into many parts of 2 quatrains (ABBA,ABBA) and a sestet - final 6 lines (CDC,CDC/CDE)e.g. Thou has made me by John Milton.

(4) Petrachan sonnet-It is another name for Miltonian Sonnet consists of an octave followed by sestet-rhyming scheme(as in 3 above).The rhyme of the sestet are varied but never end with a couplet. It may rhyme CDC,CDC or CDCCDE.

Evaluation:
1. What is a sonnet?
2. Mention types of sonnet.
3. Explain the distinctive feature of each of the types of sonnet.

Homework:
Write a sonnet of your own on any title of your choice.

Specific topic: Subject Matter
Behavioural objectives:
At the end of the lesson,the students should be able to:
1. Define subject matter
2. Recognize the subject matter

Content:
Subject matter refers to what the work of art in question is all about.The subject matter of any literary work could cover topics as multi-dimensional as human wisdom and personal feelings which can be best appreciated in the images of love,beauty hatred,happiness,anxiety,ambition,sorrow and sympathy.

Evaluation:
1. Define subject matter.
2. What is the subject matter of John Milton's poem-On His Blindness

Homework:
Write a short poem with the subject matter of your choice

Main topic: Literature- play
Specific topic: Sizwe Bansi is Dead
Previous knowledge: The students have been introduced to the play.
Behavioural objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Read the play
2. Explain what they have read in the play.
3. Answer questions on the text.

Content:
While sitting in his studio, Styles begins to have a reminiscence of his hey days at the Fords Company where workers' energy are sapped for a pittance. He finds solace in photography. He uses sarcasm to discuss issues of life.

Evaluation:
1. Read the play one after another.
2. Explain the argument of Styles on the headlines.

Homework:
Prepare a write up on apartheid in South Africa.


Specific topic: Theme and Setting
Behavioral Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:.
1. Define theme and setting
2. Identify theme and setting
Content:
The theme is the central ideal, which envelopes any piece of art. The themes of some literary works cover such areas as social, religious, political and philosophical topics and issues. There may be many themes in a subject matter.
Setting is the scenery, costumes, and the like of a play, that is the place and time at which an event occurs.
Evaluation:
The following questions are asked:
1. Define theme and setting
2. Identify the theme of ‘oppression’ in the play ‘Echoes of Hard Times’
Homework:
Identify two more themes in the play ‘Echoes of Hard Times’

Specific topic: Sizwe Bansi is Dead- a play
Previous knowledge:
The students have been introduced to the play.
Behavioural objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Read the play
2. Answer questions on the play.

Content:
Styles is still brooding over the vicissitudes of life. He loathes the mounting pressure of his routine job at Fords and the expectation of his fatherly role at home. He decides to have a recourse to photography which unfortunately is derided by his relatives.

Evaluation:
1. Read page 6
2. Discuss Styles argument in relation to the plight of an average worker in Nigeria.

Homework:
Write an argumentative essay on "It is better to own one's business than to work under someone"



Specific topic: Women of Owu- Act 1, scene 1
Behavioral objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Read the text fluently
2. Answer questions on the text
Content:
Owu is under siege for seven years and the allied forces barge in .
Evaluation:
The following questions are asked:
1. Read the text .
2. Describe the city of Owu before and after the siege
Homework:
Read Act 1, scene 2

WEEK 8

Specific topic: Sizwe Bansi is Dead
Behavioural objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Read the play
2. Answer questions on the play.

Styles sees his photography as a relief from boredom and as a temporary relief for his customers. All sorts of people patronize him, some wear gloomy faces while some show enthusiasm. They all take photographs to enliven their experiences. They are the down trodden, the down and out. In spite of his relatives' objection to his chosen job, he sees it as the last resort- a way out of enslavement, oppression and dehumanization meted out at the Ford Company.

Evaluation:
1. Read the text
2. Discuss the mood of Styles as a photographer.


Specific topic: Women of Owu
Behavioral Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:.
1. Read the text fluently
2. Answer questions on the text
Content:
Owu is finally destroyed. All the males are killed but the women are captured and kept for distribution.
Evaluation:
The following questions are asked:
1. Read the text
2. Describe the devastation of Owu by the allied forces.
Homework:
Read Act 1,scene 3

Specific topic: Setting and Summarization
Behavioral objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Define setting
2. Mention what constitute setting
3. Relate setting to the text in class.

Content:
Setting is the surrounding or environment in which something exists or takes place. Setting includes: the clothing, the buildings, mode of transportation etc also depict setting in "Sizwe Bansi is Dead"

Evaluation:
1. What is "setting"?
2. What does the camera of Styles depict in the play?
3. What are the constituents of setting?

Homework:
Discuss the effects of dressing on the personality of man.