Pen-Write E-Library

SCHEME OF WORK
WEEK: TOPIC:
1. Protection of the Rule of law (a) Meaning of the rule of law. (b)The Rule of law e.g. equity before the law, all laws must be obeyed by all citizens, etc. (c) Protection of the rule of law (legal process, independent judiciary, equity, justice, fair-play, good governance etc.

2. Voters Education: (a) Meaning of voting. (b) Voter’s registration. (c) Importance of voting. (d) The process of voting.

3. Elections: (a) Meaning and importance of elections. (b) Electoral bodies: INEC/SIEC, National, State government. (c) Need for free and fair elections. Electoral Malpractices in Nigeria and how to prevent them.

4. The Current Nigerian Constitution: (a) Meaning of Constitution. (b) Sources of the Nigerian Constitution. (c) Features of the Nigerian Constitution (e.g title, preamble, etc)

5. Role of Citizens in Constitution Development: (a) The Process of constitutional development (b) The Role of citizens in constitutional development (voting e.g electing representatives to the National Assembly or constitutions drafting committees, or being voted for, sending memorandum to National Assembly, etc.

6. National Security: (a) Meaning of national security. (b) Role of citizens in maintaining national security vigilance, supplying information to security agencies on potential threats, remaining law abiding displaying patriotism, etc

7. National Security: (a)National Security Agencies (a) Military (b) Para-Military services (SSS) (c) Civil Defense, etc (d) Police (e) State Security (SSS), (f) Immigration Service etc.

8. Intensive Revision

9. Intensive Revision

LESSON 1
TOPIC: PROTECTION OF THE RULE OF LAW
CONTENT: 1. Meaning of the Rule of law
2. The rule of law e.g equity before the law, etc.
3. Protection of rule of law (legal process, independent judiciary, equity, justice etc
4. Benefits of the rule of law

MEANING OF THE RULE OF LAW AND THE RULE OF LAW E.G EQUITY BEFORE THE LAW,ETC

MEANING OF THE RULE OF LAW:
Definition of the Rule of Law: this is the absolute supremacy or predominance of the law over everybody both the ruler and the ruled and all decisions taken in a country. The rule of law is associated or practised in a country that operates a democratic government (Democracy). Hence there can be no democracy without the rule of law. In the rule of law there is no “arbitrariness”-that is
law not according to rule: based on the decision of a judge or court rather than in accordance with any rule or law(Constitution)
The rule of law means supremacy of the law, equality before the law and the adoption of fundamental human rights in a democratic state



THE RULE OF LAW (Principles of the rule of law)
This principles was formulated by A.V. Dicey in 1885
The concept of the rule of law has three major features:
(a) The supremacy of the law: the rule of law is supreme (the highest) over every citizen of a country, either the president or the common man on the street. Under this law nobody can be punished without being found guilty of a crime (that is he/she must have broken a law). All government officials must obey the law of the land, and if they do otherwise they too would be duly punished. Therefore the supremacy of the law serves as a restriction to any action of any citizen in a country.


(b) Impartiality or Equality before the Law: all citizen is equal before the law irrespective of their status or position, therefore anyone that violates the law will be punished accordingly, and that is after the person has been tried in the ordinary court of the land and found guilty. Equality before the laws means that an “ordinary” citizen can bring any government or official for trial and vice-versa if the person has offended. The judiciary should be independent and impartial.
https://www.slideshare.net/VanessaMunga ... re-the-law

(c) Liberty of Individuals (Protection of human rights): Every country and government must protect the rights and liberty of its citizens. Everyone has the freedom and right to choose whatsoever pleases him/her as long as it will not violate any of the laws in the constitution, hence the right to freedom of worship, life, to own personal property, association, religion etc must be well protected. No one must prevent others from enjoying the freedom of whatever he chosen to operate. Once one feels his/her right is being violated either by the government or an individual he/she is free to bring the matter to the court for redress.


Others are:
1. Upholding the rule of law as the only basis for dispensing justice
2. Recognizing that all citizens are equal before the law
3. Accepting that there should be good governance
4. Accepting that the judiciary must be independent.

NOTE: The rights of every citizen are normally stated in the constitution. These rights are divided into three:
a. Absolute right: e.g right to life, right to protection against torture etc.
b. Qualified right: e.g right to private life, right to freedom of expression, right to movement etc
c. Protection right: eg right to protection against discrimination etc

EVALUATION:
1. (a) Define the Rule of law
(b)The Rule of law is associated with ___________form of governance.
(c)What do you understand by the term “arbitrary”
2. Explain the three major features/distinctive/principle of the rule of law
3. List two other features of the rule of law





LESSON 2
PROTECTION OF RULE OF LAW (legal process, independent judiciary, equity, justice etc.
Every citizen has certain rights on the citizens, most of which has been spelt out in the constitution. Examples of these are: Child’s right law, freedom from unlawful detentions, freedom of peaceful assembly, freedom from subjection to torture and indecent treatment etc. if decisions of an individual’s right were to be arbitrary then these rights will not be fully protected. Every government must make sure that all citizen rights are protected duly and thus must punish anyone who violates or abuses any right of citizens.


There are various ways set up to protect these rights of citizens by the rule of law:
1. Following Legal process and due process-that is seeking redress at the court of law, and defaulters punished according to the prescribed penalties for offences

2. Equity-irrespective of one’s class or status, everybody is equal before the law therefore there should be equal justice for offences committed.

3. Justice-avoidance of favouritism, and putting the right laws into action. Justice delayed is justice denied; therefore the court must be effective in handling and dispensing justice.

4. Fair-play-avoidance of partiality, behaving fairly to all, spirit of sportsmanship, tolerance, patient living

5. Good governance-effective control and leadership over the citizens of the country. Government should provide basic social infrastructure and amenities to reduce the suffering of the masses. The government should minimize wastage of funds.

6. Adoption of democratic government

7. Peaceful protest against the abuse through the mass media or protest match

8. Education and public awareness.

9. Independence of the Judiciary

10. Press freedom.
https://www.slideshare.net/statisense/n ... eruleoflaw

Various institutions responsible for the protection of human rights and the rule of law.

1. LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES e.g National Drug and Law Enforcement Agencies, (NDLEA); Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC).


2. The civil society which comprises of voluntary and civil organization and institutions. E.g. non governmental organization (NGOs), cultural groups, religious organization, trade unions. Etc.


3. Students organizations such as National Association of Nigerian Students (NANS)


4. Ethnic union eg OPC (Odua People’s Congress), Bakassi etc.



BENEFITS OF THE RULE OF LAW:
1. The application of the rule of law will ensure that government will operate in accordance with the dictates of the constitution

2. The rule of law will guarantee the independence of the Judiciary as the custodian and interpreter of the country’s constitution

3. The rule of law will also promote stability in government, as all the organs of government will act according to the stated laws.

4. The rule of law will equally promote the fundamental human rights of the citizens, as the law will prevent any infringement upon such rights.

5. The notion of the rule of law will also promote the doctrine of separation of powers and checks and balances as no organ of government will interfere in the functions of other organs

6. The rule of law will also prevent oppression and tyranny in the society, as autocratic leaders will have no place in government

7. The rule of law will also promote steady progress in the society.

EVALUATION:
1. List three ways by which the rule of law protects human rights.
2. List 3 institutions responsible for the protection of these rights.

ASSIGNMENT:
1. Human rights are the (a) privileges enjoyed by the citizens of a given state (b ) rights enjoyed by the people in authority (c) rights enjoyed by the less privileged (d)rights enjoyed by the people in authority

2. The rights that enable a citizen to participate in the government of a state is known as (a) human rights (b) political rights (c) economic rights (d) social rights

3. Which of these is not an appropriate step to protection of human rights? (a) election of a good government (b) violent protest against the abuse through the mass media or protest match (c) Education and public awareness. (d) Fair-play: avoidance of partiality, behaving fairly to all, spirit of sportsmanship, tolerance, patient living

ESSAY
4. Give five benefits of the rule of law.
5. State 5 importance of voting

LESSON 3
TOPIC: VOTERS EDUCATION
CONTENT: 1. Voters Education; The meaning of voting; and Voters registration.
2. The importance of voting; The process of voting

VOTERS EDUCATION;THE MEANING OF VOTING;VOTERS REGISTRATION:

Introduction:
One of the duties and responsibilities of a citizen is to partake and participate in the political process of electing credible leaders into political positions and authorities. Eligible voters are those who are legally qualified to vote during electioneering process. Registration of voters come before election. Independent National Election Commission (INEC) and State Independent National Electoral Commission (SIEC) see to the planning, preparation, organization and conduct of elections at national and state levels respectively. In Nigeria, anybody who is below the age of 18 cannot vote.


Definition of Voting:
This is the process of choosing or electing representatives into political offices. The people elect candidates of their choice to represent their interest, advocate for their mandates or needs and fight for their rights in democratic governance. The right of people to vote and be voted for is called Universal Suffrage.
A voter is a person who has the right to vote in an election and has also attained the age for voting (eg in Nigeria 18years)

Voters Education:
This is the process of educating and explaining to citizens on what they are expected to know and do before and during elections at the various levels of government( local, state, and national levels)


Various information to be known by voters are:
1. That they have right to vote once they are 18 and above
2. The various electoral procedures such as registration, voters card, the day, venue and time of voting etc
3. Their preferred candidate and its manifesto or intentions.
4. The presidential system of government as being practised in Nigeria.

Voters’ Registration:
This is the recording of a voters personal and identification data/details. These information must be vital/very useful for computation and recording by electoral officers for the issuance of voter’s card which will be presented on the day of election at the polling booth before the voters can be allowed to exercise their voting rights.
A specimen of the voter’s registration card can include the following information:
Surname…………………………………………………
First name……………………………………………….
Other names……………………………………………….
Date of birth……………………………………………….
Occupation………………………………………………. PASSPORT
Address……………………………………………….
Gender……………………………………………….
Note: Electronic voters’ registration method was adopted as an improvement to the manual registration method in use before January 2011 voters registration exercise.



EVALUATION:
1. Define the term Voting
2. Explain briefly the term voters registration
3. List 2 items found in a voters registration card




LESSON 4
THE IMPORTANCE OF VOTING AND THE PROCESS OF VOTING.

IMPORTANCE OF VOTING
There are various importance of voting:
1. It enables the citizen to perform his/her civic duties and exercise his/her voting right.
2. It helps citizens to partake and participate in democratic governance.
3. It enables voters take part in the issue that affects them.
4. It helps in sustaining democratic government
5. It helps to control and checkmate abuse of power and bad governance.
6. It serves as a means of expressing rejection of political candidates
7. It provides record of eligible voters among the entire population.
Note: there are some eligible voters who are not allowed to exercise their rights as a result of the sensitivity of their profession or the position of their health e.g lunatics and mentally challenged citizens, judges and election umpires.


THE PROCESS OF VOTING
1. The independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) has the constitutional power to organize and conduct election.
2. During the election this body gives guidelines, procedures and conditions that the electoral process must follow according to the provision of the constitution.
3. Eligible voters that is sane people who are 18 and above and also citizens of the country will register their names
4. The commission will display voters register before the date of the election for cross checking , verification and if need be correction must be done before the day of election
5. On the day of the election, voters are to check their names at their various polling booth. This usually takes place between 8am to 12 pm
6. Once the voter is eligible and has verified his/her name, he/she is expected to queue and cast their vote peacefully
7. The method of voting is by thumb printing on the voters sheet for the political party/candidate of one’s choice.
8. However, the commission can use its discretion to determine the modality for the process of voting.



EVALUATION:
1. List three importance of voting
2. Explain the process of voting

https://www.slideshare.net/JaiminBrahmb ... g-in-india

ASSIGNMENT:
1. ----------------------is the process of electing representative of the people into the government of a state (a) voting (b) election (c) selection (d) choosing
2. All voters are called (a) electorates (b) candidates (c) election officers (d) voting agents
3. The process of explaining to citizens on what they are expected to know and do before and during elections at the various levels of government( local, state, and national levels) is called (a) campaign (b) voters education (c) election (d) registration.
4. All these are importance of voting except (a) It enables the citizen to perform his/her civic duties and exercise his/her voting right. (b)It helps citizens to partake and participate in democratic governance. (c)It enables voters take part in the issue that affects them. (d)It helps in frustrating democratic government
1. Define Election
2. Give six importance of election

LESSON 5
TOPIC: ELECTION
CONTENT: 1. Meaning and Importance of Election
2. Electoral Bodies
3. Need for Free and Fair Election
4. Electoral Malpractices in Nigeria and How to Prevent Them

MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF ELECTION
Election is the process of voting to choose people for official positions. It is also referred to as an act of choosing or selecting candidate who will represent the people in the government of a country. Election is also said to be a contest between competing political parties or groups for government power.
Some of the positions for which election is made includes president, governors, legislators and local government chairperson. The individual doing the voting is the voter or the electorate and the process of the election is the electoral system.


Importance of Election
1. Elections give people the opportunity to choose their leaders
2. Through election the principle of democracy is promoted.
3. It gives elected representative the legitimate right to rule. It is a fair and civilized way of placing people in the position of authority
4. Election will enable the government to know the mind of the people, which is called public opinion
5. It is used to assess the performance of elected public officers.
6. The people generally accept, support and respect an elected government.
7. Election helps to make governments to be responsive to people’s needs and aspirations.
8. It promotes healthy competition between the contesting parties.


EVALUATION:
i. What is election?
ii. State five good reasons for election in Nigeria
iii. What is the individual doing the voting called?




LESSON 6
ELECTORAL BODIES IN NIGERIA
1. Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC)
INEC is the body which has the responsibility to organize and conduct election in the country. The commission was established by Decree No 17 of 1998 now an act of the National Assembly. It is made up of the chairman and twelve national commissioners. The body is expected to register all eligible voters and political parties before the conduct of any election.


Functions of INEC
i. To organize, conduct and supervise election to all elective offices in the country.
ii. Registers political parties in accordance with the provision of the constitution and act of the national assembly.
iii. Monitors the organization and operation of the political parties including their finances.
iv. Educates the electorates before the conduct of election about party logos and the way to vote.
v. Delegates powers to all resident electoral commissioners.
vi. Dividing the country into some electoral districts known as constituencies.

2. State Independent Electoral Commission (SIEC)
The state Independence electoral commission (SIEC) operates at the state level. It came in to being under the provision of chapter (iv) part ii, section B, number 197, of the 1999 constitution. The first commission was inaugurated on the 5th of September, 2001.


Functions of SIEC
i. They conduct and supervise elections for elective positions in the state and local governments.
ii. They declare winners after election exercise has been done.
iii. They also organize bye – elections for elective positions in the state and local government when there are vacancies.
iv. They issue certificate to winners after election has been conducted.

NEED FOR FREE AND FAIR ELECTION
FREE AND FAIR ELECTION
A free and fair election is the one that is free from all forms of electoral fraud or malpractices. Such election is characterized by freedom from violence, intimidation or coercion by political parties, candidates and media, freedom to challenge and raise objection to issues without negative consequences, freedom to vote in secret and freedom to hold political rallies.


NEED FOR FREE AND FAIR ELECTION
i. Free and fair election guarantees good governance
ii. There will be peace in the society because the people will not be cheated
iii. It brings the right candidate to office
iv. Developed countries will respect any country that succeeds in conducting free and fair elections.
v. It fulfil the condition for democracy.

EVALUATION
i. Explain the following terms:
a. INEC b. SIEC
ii. Give three function of following bodies
a. INEC b. SIEC

3. Explain free and fair election.
4. Mention 4 reason for free and fair election.





LESSON 7
ELECTORAL MALPRACTICES IN NIGERIA
ELECTORAL MALPRACTICES
This is the manipulation of electoral process by the candidates, political parties and electoral commission. It can also be referred to as all illegal behaviours of voters, political parties or electoral officials that hamper or disturb the conduct of free and fair elections in the country. Electoral malpractices are the things done that hinder free and fair elections.


FORMS OF ELECTORAL MALPRACTICES
1. Election rigging
2. Thuggery
3. Bribery and corruption
4. Deceitful manifestos
5. Falsification of election result
6. Illegal printing of voters card
7. Compilation of fictitious/false/fake name
8. Announcing results where no election was held
9. Switching of ballot boxes
10. Harassment of candidates, agents and voters


HOW TO PREVENT ELECTION MALPRACTICES
1. Political education and awareness must be developed among the generality of the citizens. Every citizen must know his or her rights and their obligation of the state.
2. Voters must obey the laws guiding elections
3. The stakeholders in an election must perform their duties without fear or favour
4. There should be adequate arrangements to create conducive atmosphere for voters to exercise their rights.
5. Results of the election should be released on time to prevent manipulation of figures.
6. Men of good moral standing should be appointed into the electoral body.
7. The level of poverty must be reduced considerably.
https://youtu.be/8vv_mYMyS3s

EVALUATION:
i. What are electoral malpractices?
ii. State four forms of electoral malpractices
iii. List five ways by which electoral malpractices can be prevented.

ASSIGNMENT
i. Enumerate five causes of electoral malpractices
ii. State five consequences of electoral malpractices

LESSON 8
TOPIC: THE CURRENT NIGERIAN CONSTITUTION
CONTENT: 1. The Meaning and Importance of constitution
2. Sources and features of the Nigerian constitution

THE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF CONSTITUTION

MEANING OF CONSTITUTION
The constitution is a document that contains the rules and regulations guiding the conduct, relationship and interaction of the people in a country. It clearly states the duties and responsibilities and obligations of both the government and the governed. When rules and regulations are found in a document or book then such constitution is a written constitution, otherwise-that is if it cannot be found in a book it is unwritten. It can also be flexible-that is easy to amend or rigid-that is difficult to amend. It is important for everyone to study and understand the constitution.
Hence constitution can simply be defined as the set of rules and regulations, laws and legislation, and fundamental principles that governs a country.


THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSTITUTION:
1. It helps to check the abuse of power
2. It sates the rights and duties of all citizens
3. It ensures law and order in a country
4. It makes leaders accountable and responsible to the people who voted them into power
5. It defines and regulates the role of the three organ of government (executive, legislative and the judiciary)
6. It states the conducts and qualifications to contest for political offices etc.


EVALUATION:
1. Define Constitution
2. List 3 importance of the constitution





LESSON 9
SOURCES OF THE NIGERIAN CONSTITUTION
Sources simply mean origin, where something comes out from. Before the 1999 constitution, efforts have been made by the colonial masters to develop a constitution for Nigerians. E.g The Cliffords constitution of 1992, 1951 Macpherson’s constitution, 1960 Independent Constitution,1963 Republican constitution, 1999 constitution (2011 constitution is an amendment of the 1999 constitution) etc


However, the Nigerian constitution was sourced from the following:
1. Conventions, principles and traditions: theses are laws strictly obeyed but are not written down , this is a kind of usual practice concerning the traditions of the people

2. Constitutional conferences and sittings: when there is any need, some countries come together to organize conferences where their constitutions are drafted e.g 1950 Ibadan constitutional conference.

3. Legislative laws and military decrees and enactments: legislations are bills passed into law by members of the legislature. These laws of a country form part of the constitution. Eg bills passed into law by the senate etc.

4. Writings of eminent jurists(law reports), international laws, treaties and bilateral agreements: ideas and writings put down on paper by intellectuals or philosophers form part of the constitution. People like Karl Marx, A.V. Dicey, Plato etc.

5. Judicial precedents and decisions: previous or earlier judgments passed and decisions taken in higher courts like the supreme courts are part of the laws in the constitution

6. Past experiences

7. International laws

8. decrees

FEATURES OF THE NIGERIAN CONSTITUTION
1. There is a cover page with the inscription 1999 constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria and Fundamental Rights (Enforcement procedure) rules with the picture of the coat of arm on top and seal at the lower right hand.
2. The title page has its inscription: constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria (Promulgation) 1999 No.24.
3. It is divided into eight chapters and seven schedules
4. It recognizes only one indivisible country called Nigeria.
5. It has 320 sections.
6. It contains the list of the states of the federal republic.
7. It states how to launch human rights suits.
8. It has six (6) appendix forms towards the end.
9. It states the rights of the citizens.


ESTABLISHED FEATURES OF THE NIGERIAN CONSTITUTION
1. Title: this is the name or heading of the constitution
2. Preamble: this is the introduction or past history of Nigerian constitution
3. Organs of government: it defines the organs of government and their functions
4. Party systems: it states the party system to be adopted by the Nigerian state
5. Rights: this area covers the fundamental human right of citizens. Their possible limitations are clearly defined.
6. Citizenship: it defines citizenship and the qualification for citizenship
7. Amendment: this part describe how a constitution can be amended
8. Dissolution: this states how and when to dissolve the National or state assembly
9. Commencement: this part states the date the constitution takes effect
10. Schedule: this is the main table contents of the constitution.


EVALUATION:
1. Enumerate 5 featues of the Nigerian constitution
2. The Nigerian constitution is divided into ¬¬¬______ chapters and _________ schedules
3. It is divided into ________sections.
4. State 3 sources of the Nigerian constitution.

ASSIGNMENT:
1. The 1999 Nigerian constitution came into effect in --------------------1999 (a) March (b) April (c) May (d) June
2. The constitution is divided into ------------chapter (a) 8 (b) 7 (c) 10 (d) 11
3. The part of the constitution that states the date the constitution takes effect is the ------------------(a) title (b) schedule (c) commencement (d) preamble
4. The last of the item in the constitution is the (a) conclusion (b) summary (c) schedule (d) dissolution
5. The name of the heading of the constitution is the -----------(a)contents (b) preamble (c) title (d) schedule
1. Give 5 roles of citizens in the constitutional development.
2. State 5 process of constitutional development.

LESSON 10
TOPIC: ROLE OF CITIZENS IN CONSTITUTION DEVELOPMENT
CONTENT: 1.The process of constitutional development.
2. The role of citizens in constitutional development


THE PROCESS OF CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT.
The process and procedures of constitutional development involves the presentation of bills to the assembly by the members of representatives, different social and political organization, bodies and association for the legislative considerations. This bill will be read at the floor of the assembly and debated upon by other legislative members. Any bill that scales through the readings would be passed by the assembly to the president for assent into law.
The 1999 constitution was developed through a process and took effect in May, 1999



THE ROLE OF CITIZENS IN CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT (e.g electing representatives to the national assembly, sending memorandum to national assembly.
Citizens has various roles to play in the development of constitution such as:
1. Electing a good representative into the legislative assembly
2. Partaking and participating in public debate at the assembly
3. Be familiar with different committees in the assembly
4. Taking part in the constitution drafting committee if one is asked to
5. Sending memorandum to National assembly, including communiqué arising from a public lecture
6. Having interest in matters that concerns them
7. Monitoring the progress and proceedings of the house.


Summary
A constitution is a set of rules which provides the basis for the governance of a country. It regulates all activities of a country

EVALUATION:
1. State the process of constitutional development
2. List 3 roles of a citizen in constitutional development

ASSIGNMENT
Read from your civic education textbook the process of the development of the 1999 Nigerian constitution and give a brief summary of the process of developing the 1999 constitution.

LESSON 11
TOPIC: NATIONAL SECURITY
CONTENT: 1. Meaning of National Security
2. Roles of Citizens in Maintaining National Security

MEANING OF NATIONAL SECURITY
National security implies a situation in which there is safety, freedom from danger, fear, doubt or conflict within the borders of a nation. It has to do with the safety and peaceful co-existence of the citizens living in a country. It means all efforts made by the federal government to guarantee safety of lives and properties as well as ensuring that people live in a peaceful society where there is love, peace and harmony. It is a process that protects the citizens’ lives and properties against internal and external aggression. Citizens have personal security if they are assured of their basic needs like food, shelter and clothing.

There is national security where the people are safe and different ethnic, religious and other groups can live in harmony without conflict, riot or war. National security is also assured where there is no dispute with neighbouring countries on the borders and there is no external attack. The Head of governments are the chief security officers in their areas.



ROLES OF CITIZENS IN MAINTAINING NATIONAL SECURITY
Every citizen of the country is expected to be security conscious. Citizens must endeavour to tackle any security threat in and to the country. This can be done in the following ways:

1. VIGILANCE: Citizens should watch out for any suspicious persons, groups and organization and report any threat to the appropriate authority.

2. SUPPLY OF INFORMATION: Those who have information on the activities of criminals, terrorist and militants should give such information to the law enforcement agents.

3. CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMATION: Law enforcement agents with the national security information should not give such information to foreigners or terrorists.

4. OBEDIENCE TO LAW AND ORDER: The Citizens must be law abiding. They should not take part in riots and other troublesome activities that can disturb the peace of the community, state or nation. Citizens should obey the laws and orders of the country at all times.

5. LAWFUL SETTLEMENT OF DISAGREEMENT: Community, ethnic or religious disagreement should be settled in a lawful way, instead of rioting and destroying lives and properties.

6. PATRIOTISM: Citizens should be patriotic and avoid anything that can undermine the country’s security and image. A good citizen should be willing to join the Army whenever he is called upon to do so.

7. A citizen should not join or assist a foreign Army against his own country. A good citizen should not talk evil of his country.


EVALUATION
1. What is National Security?
2. Mention the basic needs of the citizens
3. Mention and explain five ways in which citizens can help to maintain national security.

ASSIGNMENT
Objective Test:
1. ……………………….. entails a safe, calm and danger-free situation.
a. Socket b. Security c. Surplus d. Suffer
2. Government all over the world pay attention to the provision and enhancement of security for their ………………. a. Workers b. Criminals c. Citizens d. Welfare
3. Citizens have personal security if they are assured of their basic needs like ………………..
a. Food and shelter b. clothing and food c. welfare and good health d. Food, Shelter and clothing
4. National insecurity can bring about the following except ……….
a. Peace b. Conflict c. Social disorder d. disagreement
5. ………………. is a major security problem in Nigeria a. Militia b. Productivity c. Citizens d. Police

Essay Test:
State five major security problems in Nigeria

LESSON 12
TOPIC: NATIONAL SECURITY
CONTENT: National Security Agencies

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCIES
1. THE MILITARY: The Military is composed of the Army, Navy and Air Force. The Military is meant to ensure that peace and security of a country is guaranteed and maintained along the shore of the country. They help defend the country against external attacks. They also join the police in maintaining internal security when there are great threats.



2. THE POLICE: The police is the official organization which has the responsibility of maintaining peace and order within a country. They help to ensure that citizens obey the laws and work together in peace. It protects citizens from criminals and makes sure that people obey the law and keep the peace in the society. The Police prevents, detects crimes, arrest suspected criminals and prosecute them in the law court, to ensure that justice is done.


3. STATE SECURITY SERVICE (SSS): The State Security Service (SSS) work secretly to obtain and verify information on people and activities that may threaten National security. This is a government organization that has the responsibility of acquiring secret information from a perceived enemy. They conduct their affairs secretly and they can arrest criminals like the police.


4. THE PARA-MILITARY AGENCIES: These groups have some military training and function more or less like the armed forces but are often not officially equipped in the same manner. They function as internal force and help to ensure peace and security in the country. The paramilitary services include; the Customs and Excise, Prison Service, Road Safety Corps, the Civil Defense Corps, Immigration etc. Each of them has roles in maintaining national Security. They complement the efforts of the police in maintaining law and order. Generally, they perform functions that are civil in nature.


5. DEFENCE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (DIA): They are in charge of intelligence gathering for the military to help in predictions, preparations and execution of military operations for the country. This agency is generally responsible for military intelligence.


6. NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NIA): This is a national agency responsible for the foreign retrieval of security information.


https://youtu.be/aSoeCjUt2j4

EVALUATION
1. State two functions each of the following security agencies
i. The Military ii. The Police iii. State Security Service iv. Defens e Intelligence Agency

2. State the meaning of the following;
a. NAFDAC b. DIA c. NIA d. ICPC e. NDLEA

ASSIGNMENT
1. Which of these is not a security agent in Nigeria
a. The Military b. The Police c. State Security Service d. FBI
2. All these are Armed Forces except a. The Army b. The Navy c. The Police d. The Air Force
3. ………………….is in charge of movement of people in and out of the country
a. The Immigration b. The Custom c. The Police d. Defence Intelligence Agency
4. ……………………………. is in charge of maintaining law and order in the country
a. The Military b. The National Intelligence agency c. The Police d. Red Cross Society
5. The following are some of internal factors identified to constitute threats to internal peace and security except ………………. a. Child trafficking b. Drug Abuse c. Corruption d. Police